Context
In April 1809, Austria launched a surprise offensive. Napoleon had to leave Spain. After the bloody Battle of Aspern-Essling (May), he waited for reinforcements and crossed the Danube.
Forces
France: About 154,000 men. Masséna held the left wing, Oudinot and Macdonald the centre. Cavalry reserve and the Guard.
Austria: About 136,000 under Archduke Charles.
Course of the battle
On 5 July, the Austrians attacked the flanks. On the morning of 6 July, Napoleon launched a general attack. A hundred guns pounded the centre. Macdonald formed a 'great column' of 8,000 men that broke the Austrian lines. Archduke Charles ordered the retreat.
Consequences
The Treaty of Schönbrunn (14 October 1809) imposed heavy territorial losses on Austria. Marie Louise was promised to Napoleon. The Fifth Coalition was crushed.